English
With the acceleration of global energy transformation and the increasing proportion of renewable energy, battery energy storage system (BESS), as a key technology to solve the intermittent and volatile problems of renewable energy, is gradually becoming an important part of the new power system. This article will introduce in detail how to build an efficient and reliable battery energy storage system, and analyze its construction process from system design, key technology selection to application scenarios.
1. Overview of energy storage system
Battery energy storage system mainly uses chemical energy storage to store electrical energy in battery packs and release it when needed. A complete BESS usually consists of energy storage units and monitoring and dispatching management units. Energy storage units include energy storage battery packs (BA), battery management systems (BMS), energy storage converters (PCS), etc.; monitoring and dispatching management units cover central control systems (MGCC) and energy management systems (EMS).
2. Key components and technology selection
1). Energy storage battery pack
The energy storage battery pack is the core part of BESS, and its performance directly affects the efficiency and reliability of the entire system. The mainstream battery types on the market include lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, flow batteries, etc. Among them, lithium-ion batteries are widely used due to their high energy density and long cycle life. When choosing a battery, factors such as cost, safety, cycle life and environmental adaptability need to be considered comprehensively.
2). Battery Management System (BMS)
BMS is responsible for intelligent management and maintenance of each battery unit, preventing the battery from overcharging and overdischarging, extending the battery life, and monitoring the battery status. An efficient BMS can monitor battery voltage, current, temperature and other parameters in real time to ensure that the battery pack operates within a safe range.
3). Power Storage Converter (PCS)
PCS is a bidirectional DC-AC inverter that connects the battery pack to the grid and is responsible for the bidirectional conversion of electrical energy. Depending on the system capacity and voltage level, low-voltage two-level, three-level or advanced multi-level topologies can be selected, such as cascaded H-bridge topology (CMC) and modular multi-level topology (MMC). These topologies have their own advantages and disadvantages and need to be selected according to actual needs.
3. System design and construction
1). System capacity planning
Rationally plan the capacity of the energy storage system according to the needs of the application scenario. For example, on the power generation side, the energy storage system can be used for load regulation, smoothing intermittent energy, and improving the consumption of new energy; on the transmission and distribution side, it can improve the quality of power and reduce line losses; on the user side, it can smooth the load curve and reduce peaks and fill valleys.
2). Equipment selection and integration
According to the system capacity planning, select appropriate battery packs, PCS, BMS and other equipment, and carry out system integration. During the integration process, it is necessary to ensure the compatibility between various devices and the consistency of communication protocols to ensure the stable operation of the system.
3). Safety protection and monitoring
During the construction of the energy storage system, it is necessary to pay attention to safety protection measures, including setting up firewalls, installing lightning protection devices, and configuring fire protection systems. At the same time, establish a complete monitoring system to monitor the operating status of the system in real time, and promptly discover and deal with potential problems.
4. Application scenarios and benefit analysis
1). Application on the power generation side
On the power generation side, the energy storage system can be used for load regulation, smoothing intermittent energy output, and improving the proportion of new energy consumption. At the same time, it can also participate in the peak and frequency regulation of the power grid and increase the backup capacity of the power grid.
2). Application on the transmission and distribution side
On the transmission and distribution side, the energy storage system can improve the quality of power, reduce line losses, and increase the backup capacity of the power grid and the utilization efficiency of transmission and distribution equipment. In addition, it can also delay the demand for grid capacity expansion and reduce the investment cost of the power grid.
3). Application on the user side
On the user side, the energy storage system can smooth the load curve, reduce peaks and fill valleys, and reduce the user's electricity bill expenditure. In the event of a power grid failure, it can also serve as an emergency power supply system to ensure the continuous power supply of important loads.
5. Conclusion and Outlook
With the deepening of global energy transformation and the large-scale access of renewable energy, battery energy storage systems, as a key technology to solve the intermittent and volatile problems of new energy, have broad development prospects. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous reduction of costs, battery energy storage systems will be widely used in more fields, playing an important role in promoting global energy transformation and building a new power system.
Through the introduction of this article, I believe that readers have a more comprehensive understanding of how to build an efficient and reliable battery energy storage system. In the future energy development, let us look forward to more surprises and changes brought by battery energy storage systems.
